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Thermoelectric materials are becoming increasingly important for energy harvesting and conversion technology, particularly for recovering an enormous amount of unused waste heat produced by industrial processes and automotive exhaust [1].Good thermoelectric materials must have high Seebeck coefficient, good electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity.However, it is very difficult to control the above three parameters independently, which often counter each other.This talk will mainly focus on two representative examples showing that enhanced thermoelectric properties can be achieved in the nanocomposite materials with extrinsic and intrinsic nanoscale dispersions.