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Imbalance between angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and Ang 1-7 in the brain has been reported to be associated with hypertension.Exercise training (ExT) is capable of reducing blood pressure in hypertension.This study is aimed to determine if exercise training (ExT) improves hypertension via adjusting central rennin angiotensin system.Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were submitted to training or kept sedentary for 3 months.Blood pressure elevation coupled with increase in ages was significantly decreased in SHR received ExT.The results from in vivo study showed that ExT significantly reduced or increased the cardiovascular response to central application of Ang Ⅱ or Ang 1-7, respectively.The data from westem blot suggested that protein expression of the Ang Ⅱacting receptor AT1 and the Ang1-7 acting receptor Mas in the RVLM, a key region for control of sympathetic outflow, was significantly reduced and elevated in SHR following ExT, respectively.We also found that ExT decreased and increased the concentration of Ang Ⅱ and Ang 1-7 in the RVLM of SHR.This work has confirmed that ExT improves hypertension via resetting the balance of Ang Ⅱ and Ang 1-7 in the RVLM.