山东小麦品种更替过程中光合特性的演变

来源 :2012全国植物生物学大会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:kang573
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  选用山东省建国以来8次品种更替过程中的8个主要推广品种,在大田试验条件下测定了生育后期旗叶的叶绿素含量、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数,成熟时生物学产量、籽粒产量和收获指数(HI)。结果表明:山东小麦品种更替过程中,籽粒产量和HI呈正相关性,但生物学产量并没有显著增加。旗叶叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、CE、ΦPSⅡ和呼吸速率在开花期到花后10 d达到最大值,然后开始下降,1970年以后选育的品种下降的速率低于1970年以前的品种;生育后期小麦旗叶Pn的下降是由非气孔因素引起的,Pn的初期下降并不是由叶绿素含量的变化直接引起,在此过程中,光合暗反应的羧化酶起了重要作用;灌浆中后期Pn的进一步降低与叶绿素含量、ΦPS Ⅱ、NPQ等密切相关。品种更替过程中,叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、CE、ΦPS Ⅱ等指标呈升高的趋势,叶片功能期延长,光合性能得到明显改善,这可能是籽粒产量提高的重要生理基础。但品种更替中呼吸速率呈升高的趋势,影响了同化产物的积累,不利于籽粒产量的提高。说明山东小麦品种更替过程中,叶片的光合能力提高,高光合持续期延长,HI和光能利用效率增加,综合性能的改善是品种更替过程中产量不断提高的生理基础。山东小麦品种HI仍有进一步改良的空间,但不能完全依赖株高的降低,必须综合考虑光能利用的各个环节,小麦高光效育种才有可能取得较大的突破。
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