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Genetic studies in mice and humans have revealed the critical function for BMPs and their serine/threonine kinase receptors in vascular development and maintenance of vascular homeostasis (1).Inactivating mutations in BMP type Ⅱ receptors have been linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is a rare disorder thought to develop following a genetic and/or environmental insult that triggers endothelial cell apoptosis, loss of distal vessels, and occlusive vascular remodeling.FK-binding protein-12 (FKBP12), a repressor of BMP signaling was found to restore BMP signaling in endothelial cells from PAH patients and reverse PAH in animal models.Treatment of PAH patients with a low-dose FK506 might be useful (2).