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Objective To evaluate the potential protective effects of extracts from fructus rhodomyrti(FR)against oxidative DNA damage using a cellular system,and the antioxidant ability on potassium bromate(KBrO3)-mediated oxidative stress in rats.Methods The effects of FR on DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)was evaluated by Comet assay in primary spleen lymphocytes cultures.The effects of FR on the activities of SOD,CAT,GPx and the levels of GSH,hydroperoxides and 8-OHdG were determined in the plasma and tissues of rats treated with KBrO3.Results FR was shown to effectively protect against DNA damage induced by H2O2 in vitro and the maximum protective effect was observed when FR was diluted 20 times.Endogenous antioxidant status viz.,the activities of SOD,CAT and GPx and the levels of GSH were significantly decreased in the plasma,the liver and the kidney of the KBrO3-treated rats,while the pretreatment of FR prevented the decreases of these parameters.In addition,the pretreatment of FR was also able to prevent KBrO3-induced increases in the levels of hydroperoxides and 8-OHdG in the plasma,the liver and the kidney in rats.Conclusions Our findings suggested that FR might act as a chemopreventative agent with antioxidant properties offering effective protection against oxidative DNA damage in a concentration dependent manner in vitro and in vivo.