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Neural inhibition in the brain is mainly mediated by onotropic GABA type A receptors.Apart from the GABA type receptors,both K-C1 cotransporter isoform 2 and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme,glutamic acid decarboxylase,are essential determinants for GABA type A receptor-mediated inhibition.By using immunofluorescent staining,we observed that K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2,GABA type A receptor 2/3 subunits and a presynaptically localized glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform,glutamic acid decarboxylase 65,were all absent in adult Sprague-Dawley rat medial habenular nucleus,while immunopositive staining for glutamic acid decarboxylase 67,GABA and GABA type B receptor type 2 subunit were present in the medial habenular nucleus.Consistent with the lack of GABA type A signaling as detected by immunohistochemistry,GABA (100 μM) evoked no measurable currents in the medial habenular nucleus but induced bicuculline-sensitive currents in the lateral habenular nucleus and in the CA1 area of hippocampus.