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Identifications of mutations in target genes are essential for functional analyses of genes.TILLING(Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes),a powerful reverse genetics tool,can be used to screen a series of mutants in a mutagenized population.In the last few years,we developed TILLING platforms for tobacco and rice by using EMSmutagenized populations with 1,051 and 6,600 M2 plants,respectively.Using this platform,we are able to provide series of mutants for any genes in these two crop species efficiently.For tobacco,the mutation density is estimated to be one in every 70 kb,with 36,000 mutations per M2 plant,while for rice,one in every 350 kb,and 1,000 mutations per M2 plant.On average we were able to obtain 20 and 15 mutants per kb for tobacco and rice,respectively.So far,we had tilled 237 genes in rice,and obtained 2,961 mutants.The rice TILLING platform is now available to international research community(http://www.croptilling.org).