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Powdery mildew(Pm),caused by Blumeriagraminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is one of the most important crop diseases,causing severe economic losses to wheat belts worldwide.In the present study,an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic technique was applied to understand the molecular mechanism involved in resistant wheat(line N9134)response to Bgt isolate E09.We found 394 proteins that show a significant difference,which systematically reveal the protein expressive characterization of stimulus responses to Bgt.These differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)included members of different plant defense categories and metabolic pathways,such as pathogenesis-related(PR)polypeptides,oxidative stress responsive proteins,components involved in primary metabolic pathways.In addition,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data further demonstrated that these cluster genes were co-transcribed,and their mRNA abundance changes exhibited the similar trends,suggesting that the Bgt-induced proteins are partly correlated with the correspondent transcription status.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,phenylalanine metabolism and photosynthesis-antenna proteins were the key pathways in response to Bgt infection.InterProScan 5 and the Gibbs Motif Sampler cluster 394 DEPs to eight conserved motifs,which shared leucine repeats and histidine site in the sequence motifs.Moreover,eight separate protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were predicted from STRING database.In summary,our findings reveal multiple levels of regulation under powdery mildew infection in wheat.The large amounts of protein and transcript data in this study provide a powerful platform for further exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying the wheat response to Bgt.