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在《哲学研究》89—133小节,维特根斯坦集中描述了他后期的哲学观。本文从两个方面对《哲学研究》89—133小节进行解读。在第一部分中,结合早期维特根斯坦的哲学观,分析了维特根斯坦对企图通过做出发现或构建体系解决哲学问题的构想所进行的批判;在第二部分中,通过对文本的解析,指出后期维特根斯坦的哲学方法的关键是将引起哲学问题的言语方式置于特定的语言游戏中,通过关于特定的语言游戏的自然描述,哲学问题得以消解。在最后一部分,在对这些小节解读的基础上,尝试提出一个关于维特根斯坦前期向后期转变的思想基础的个人理解。
Wittgenstein focuses on his later philosophical views in section 89-133 of Philosophical Studies. This article interprets the sections 89-133 of “Philosophical Studies” from two perspectives. In the first part, combining with Wittgenstein’s philosophical view, Wittgenstein analyzes the critique of Wittgenstein’s attempt to solve the philosophical problems through the discovery or construction of the system; in the second part, through the analysis of the text, It is pointed out that the key of later Wittgenstein’s philosophical method lies in placing the speech mode causing philosophical problems in a specific language game and solving the philosophical problems through the natural description of a specific language game. In the last section, based on the interpretation of these subsections, I try to come up with a personal understanding of the ideological basis of the pre-Wittgenstein transformation.