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1984年由非洲博茨瓦纳(Botswana)引入我国从未有的珍贵西瓜(Citrullus lanatus L.)种质材料10个。对其形态学、生物学特性、抗病性及经济性状进行了三年研究。用凝胶电泳法对种子酯酶(Est)同工酶及清蛋白组分进行了电泳分析,并对种子的总蛋白、总脂肪以及高级脂肪酸成分作了测定。研究表明:非洲西瓜在上述诸方面与普通栽培西瓜有明显的差异,两性花的广泛存在增强了结实能力和丰产性;高度的抗病性、耐贮性以及种子的优质脂肪成分和丰富的脂肪及蛋白质含量,使非洲西瓜可以兼作提取高级食用油及蛋白质的原料植物;果肉及果皮可用作饲料,加工罐头及果脯;由于它具有高度抗病性,所以可作为抗病砧木或作抗病育种的珍贵种质资源。
In 1984, Botswana introduced 10 germplasm materials of rare watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) that have never been found in our country. The morphological, biological characteristics, disease resistance and economic traits were studied for three years. The esterase (Est) isozymes and albumin fractions of the seeds were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, and the total protein, total fat and higher fatty acids of the seeds were determined. The results show that there are obvious differences between watermelon and common cultivated watermelon in African watermelon. The widespread existence of bisexual flowers enhances the seedability and high yield; the high disease resistance, storability and high fat content of seeds and fat And protein content, so that African watermelon can double as the extraction of high-grade edible oil and protein raw plants; pulp and peel can be used as feed, canned food and preserved fruits; because of its high resistance to disease, it can be used as disease-resistant stock or disease Breeding precious germplasm resources.