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Thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium polyphosphate (APP),pentaerythritol (PER),melamine (MEL),film-forming resin and expandable graphite (EG) are analyzed in this paper.Their thermal stability and flame retardant mechanism are studied by thermogravimetric analysis.On these bases,thermal behavior analysis of the intumescent fire-retardant coating is then evaluated by calorimeter (Cone) combustion experiment.The analysis shows that the decomposition temperature range of APP,PER,MEL,film-forming resin,EG is 250-700℃,220-320℃,240-324℃,220-500℃,250-850℃ respectively,and these fire-retardant components have a intersect decomposition temperature range,which guarantee each component in the system to play their role fully respective.From the thermal decomposition process of coating system,adding EG into the intumescent fire-retardant system has greatly improve the thermal stability of coating by forming worm structure acts as the skeleton of carbon layers with complex reaction.