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Introduction: Many people suffer from hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.Secondary and tertiary prevention cause high socioeconomic costs for health care services, using many medical resources in these patients.If we add obesity, physical inactivity and smoking, then, we will have the perfect puzzle for cardiovascular diseases are becoming the new epidemic of the 21 century.Aim: Optimization of medical resources used in these patients, depends on a good primary prevention in primary care.Units for controlling cardiovascular risk factors, in primary care, enable clinical assessment and follow up of the patients and involve them in their health care plan.Method: Physicians and nurses in primary care need simple working tools which are easy to use for them.I have designed three simple methodologies (one for each risk factor).They are very similar and follow the same scheme.Therefore they can be easily used in clinical practice.These methodologies facilitate the clinical assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and follow up of patients, facilitating the approach of diagnosis, classification, assessment and treatment.The methodology is based on the following: Five consecutive questions are asked about the risk factors and each question is related to a step to follow.These answers to the questions are obtained during the patients clinical assessment, and lead to know his/her cardiovascular risk profile.The clinical follow up in these patients is facilitated by using a simple clinical-leaflet of data collecting about the physical examination by the physician and the nurse.By another patient information leaflet about his/her cardiovascular risk profile, we try to implement in his/her cardiovascular health care plan.Results: We obtain the answers to these questions following five key consecutive steps, a step for each question: The first question and step to follow, in order to obtain the first answer, it is to detect and to confirm the risk factor.The second question and the step to follow, it is for classifying it.The third question and the step to follow, it is for assessing organic/systems damage.The fourth question and the step to follow is for checking the organic/or systemic damage,using diagnostic tests.The fifth question and the step to follow in order to define the patients cardiovascular risk profile, and according to this, prescribe an individualized therapy.Conclusions: 1.Hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia along with obesity, smoking and other risk factors, can become an epidemic of cardiovascular diseases in the new century, if we do not succeed controlling them.2.Units in primary care for clinical assessing and follow up of patients affected with cardiovascular risk factors,improve efficiency of medical resources.3.This improves the collaboration between the two levels of care (Hospital/Primary Care).