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在当今全球资本主义语境中,西方左派盛行两种理论方式:抵抗政治和多元文化主义。前者以具体而微的斗争直接反抗资本主义;后者强调文化多元,尊重个体差异。在齐泽克看来,这两种方式都有根本缺陷,都是后政治的,无法有效地解决问题。为了打破当前的理论僵局,齐泽克从美国小说家梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)的一个小说人物巴特比身上看到了新的可能,巴特比式的“拒绝”呈现出一种完全不同的逻辑,据此,齐泽克发展出了一种“减法”的政治学理论。与抵抗相反,他主张从具体而微的斗争中彻底摆脱出来,同时又体现出进行再政治化、或重建政治性本体的整体意图。
In today’s context of global capitalism, the western left prevails in two theoretical ways: resistance to politics and multiculturalism. The former directly defies capitalism with concrete and minor struggles; the latter emphasizes cultural diversity and respect for individual differences. In Zizek’s view, both approaches have fundamental flaws and are post-political ones that can not effectively solve the problem. In order to break the current theoretical stalemate, Zizek saw a new possibility from the novelist Bartby, a novelist of the American novelist Herman Melville. Bartby’s “rejection” showed a completely different Logic, therefore, Zizek developed a “subtraction ” political theory. Instead of resistance, he advocated the complete elimination of specific and minor struggles while at the same time reflecting the overall intention of re-politicizing or rebuilding the political noumenon.